The Luxembourg Gardens, or Senate Gardens, in Paris were created in the early 17th century on the construction of the Luxembourg palace for Marie de Medici. (The palace is now where the French Senate meets hence the garden’s newer colloquial name).
The bronze sculpture depicted in Thaulow’s painting is the Nubian Lion and its Prey (1870) by Auguste Cain (1821-1894). It is still on display in the Luxembourg Gardens and shows the triumphant lion standing atop its prey, an ostrich.